On February 27, 1933, the German Reichstag was consumed by an enormous blaze. Hitler, whose immense popularity was based on his promises to resurrect Germany's economy, immediately accused the Communists - his political opponents - of instigating the conflagration. He had thousands of of their leaders and activists arrested and proceeded to coerce the ageing President Hindenburg into passing an emergency decree that suspended basic judicial, civil, and human rights and led to the setting up of concentration camps. The Nazis fanned up the hysteria and convinced the population that the Fatherland was facing an impending civil war to be initiated by a minority (the Jews) and their brainchildren, Bolshevism and the Comintern.